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Rectal Resection Surgery

  • March 5, 2023
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Background 

Rectal Resection surgery as the name suggests involves surgery of the colon either by conventional open surgery or minimal access surgery also called as laparoscopic surgery . The laparoscopic surgery is performed by placing the specialised instruments in the abdomain and performing surgery on the monitor under complete vision. The minimal invasive surgery is established way of performing colon and rectal surgeries which are well support various research and clinical based evidences. 

Rectal  surgeries are considered to be major surgeries and involves appropriate team work. With the advancements of techniques and improvisation of surgical skills  the surgical results of major liver resections have become excellent with time. 

The types of colon surgery performed either via open conventional surgery or laparoscopic surgery are Anterior resection, Low anterior resection, Ultra low anterior resection,  Rectopexy, Resection Rectopexy, Total mesorectal excision and Trans anal total  Mesorectal excision. 

Indication of Colon Surgery 

  1. Rectal cancers
  2. Rectal polyps 
  3. Crohn’s disease 
  4. Ulcerative colitis 
  5. Bleeding from diverticulitis 
  6. Rectal prolapse 
  7. Injury to the rectum

Technical Insights 

Once you are planned for surgery the surgeon will explain all the details , it’s risk involved , informed consent and recovery protocols after  the surgery they are  planning to perform. Usually the length of the procedure will depend upon the extent of the surgery.  

  1. Surgery is performed under General anaesthesia
  2. Particular position of the patients according to the area of the surgery is given to the patient (commonly done in supine position and position is changed during the surgery depending upon the ease to perform surgery) 
  3. Technically incision is given upon extent of surgery and preference of surgery in cases of open conventional surgery 
  4. In laparoscopic surgery, Small hole are made to enter the abdomain using video scope to assess the complete abdominal cavity and area of the disease.
  5. Mobilisation of the colon and rectum  and diseased rectum  is done 
  6. Surgery is performed using specialised instruments, energy sources , clips , staplers  to separate the disease part of the rectum with healthy margins. 
  7. The diseased part is removed and the abdominal cavity is placed  in abdominal cavity and continuity of the alimentary canal is restored. 

Recovery after surgery 

  1. The patient is kept in surgical intensive care unit for initial observation and management. Bleeding, infection and leak are major risks involve after these surgeries. 
  1. Intensive physiotherapy is advised for enhanced recovery of the patients as breathing might be hampered because of long incisions in case of open surgery  and pain associated with them. 
  1. Diet is usually started once your bowel function starts returning after surgery.
  1. Early mobilisation of the patient is recommended.
  1. Routine check up up of your blood will be performed to study your recovery  and chances of infection. 
  1. Diet is managed with the help of the dietician to enhance your recovery and protein supplements are added
  2. The length of stay after the hospital is usually 3-7days depending upon the extent of surgery and recovery of the patients. 

Advantages of Laparoscopic rectal surgery 

  1. Big incision  is avoided which is used in conventional surgery which causes significant discomfort and pain.
  2. Early recovery of bowel  functions 
  3. Early healing of the wound
  4. Shorter stay of hospital 
  5. Early mobilisation and early return to work 
  6. Scar is minimal 

To consult with best team of General,  minimal access and cancer surgeons available at  The Surgeons House (SHL) in different global locations, please click this link for more details. 

2020-05-22 21:13:53https://thesurgeonshouse.com/?p=14558
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